The junior college system was established on a provisional basis in 1950 and on a permanent basis in 1964, following an amendment to the School Education Law.Ĭolleges of technology were initiated as an educational institution in 1962 to provide lower secondary school graduates with a five-year consistent education (five-and-a-half years in the case of mercantile marine studies).Īt first, special schools were established separately by types of disabilities, such as Schools for the Blind, for the Deaf, for the Intellectually Disabled, the Physically Disabled and the Health Impaired. The new system for universities began in 1949. Upper secondary schools were first established in 1948, offering full-time and part-time courses, and in 1961 correspondence courses were added to the system. The Fundamental Law of Education and the School Education Law were enacted in 1947 and the 6-3-3-4-year system of school education was established aiming at realizing the principle of equal opportunity for education. The modern school system of Japan began from the promulgation of the school system in 1872. School System Brief history of current educational system Besides the Basic Act on Education, other major educational laws including the School Education Law dealing with the organization and management of the school system, the Social Education Law regulating the activities of social education, and the Law Concerning Organization and Functions of Local Educational Administration providing essential particulars on the system of local boards of education.Ĭabinet orders are made to enforce the laws, and the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture publishes ministerial ordinances and notices concerning standards for establishing schools, curriculum standards such as the Courses of Study, and so on. The Basic Act on Education provides basic aims and principles, and other educational laws and regulations are made in accordance with the aims and principles of this law. Statutes enacted by the National Diet, cabinet orders and ministerial ordinances constitute the legal basis for education. All laws directly or indirectly affecting education must be in accord with the basic educational provisions of the Constitution. ※ Basic Plan for the Promotion of Education Legal Basis of EducationĪs in all constitutional democracies, in Japan the Constitution is the supreme law. The first comprehensive plan by the Government about education was formulated on July 1st, 2008. In addition, the Basic Act on Education prescribed that the “Basic Plan for the Promotion of Education” be formulated to lay down the basic policies and measures to be taken to promote education. Such principles include placing value on public-spiritedness and other forms of the “normative consciousness” that the Japanese people possess, as well as respecting the traditions and culture that have fostered said consciousness. The revisions to the law clearly set out principles for education considered to be extremely important today while at the same time inheriting the universal principles set out in the previous law. In light of such circumstances, the existing Basic Act on Education was completely revised and the revised law established in December 15, 2006. At the same time, the environment surrounding children has changed significantly, and a variety of issues have come to light. Nevertheless, the circumstances surrounding education have changed greatly in respects such as the progress of science and technology, advanced information technology, internationalization, the ageing society with falling birthrate, and family lifestyles. In it are established as specific national principles of education : equal opportunity, compulsory education, co-education, school education, social education, prohibition of partisan political education, prohibition of religious education for a specific religion in the national and local public schools and prohibition of improper control of education. The Basic Act on Education, which was promulgated and put into effect in March 1947, sets forth in more detail the aims and principles of education in accordance with the spirit of the Constitution. Such compulsory education shall be free.”(Article 26) The people shall be obligated to have all boys and girls under their protection receive ordinary education as provided for by law. The Japanese Constitution sets forth the basic national educational policy, as follows: “All people shall have the right to receive an equal education corresponding to their ability, as provided by law. Principles Guide Japan’s Educational System
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